Place du gras et du sel dans l'alimentation des hypertendus dans la wilaya de Constantine.

Abstract

According to WHO, essential high blood pressure (HTA) is the most deadly of cardiovascular risk factors. It constitutes a real problem of public health in almost all regions of the world. Its prevalence is increase and in 2004, it reached 35% of Algerians. It concerns a multifactorial disease resulting from interaction of genetic and environnement factors including nutritional factors. More, its pathogeny is in relation with dual mechanism which is the reach of arterial wall dominated by the development of atherosclerosis and hemodynamic modifications in relation with blood volume. Thus, modifications of some alimentary behaviors notably the decrease of alimentary intake of cholesterol, saturated fats and salt allow to reduce arterial blood pressure. These measures should be systematically integrated in therapeutic act because they act with complementary manner. Our objective is the description of the position of alimentary intakes in fat and salt in hypertensive persons 40 years old suffering from essential high blood pressure. We have realized a descriptive transversal enquiry close to 200 hypertensive patients living in two daïras: Constantine and El khroub. Our main results indicate that: - Study population is from 40 to 94 years old with a mean age of 60±11.31 years and a modal class from 50 to 69 years; - Tensional numbers found in our subjects varies between 90 to 220 mmHg for TAS, on average 140.17±20.22 mmHg, and between 50 and 120 mmHg for TAD, on average 80.40±10.57 mmHg; - The duration of hypertensive disease varies from 1 to 28 years with a mean duration of 7.73±6.09 and a modal class from 0 to 5 years. All patients are treated by medicine and which 34.5 % sub monotherapy, 55 % sub biotherapy and 10 % sub tritherapy and qu adritherapy; - An over weight is found in almost three quarters of the population (74%). It concerns either ponderal overloud (36.5%) or obesity (37.5%). In more than the half of cases it concens a repartition of fat of androïd type; - Most of hypertensive persons take three meals regularly with a light meal in the afternoon and they do not skip them. Most of them take their meals at home; - More than three quarters of the population (85.5%) have reduced their consumption of salt (41.5%) or fat (6%) or both (38.5%) and almost half (47%) to increase their consumption in fruits and vegetables. - Only 25.5% of this population have found normal tensional numbers (systolic arterial blood pressure<140 mmHg and/or diastolic arterial blood pressure<90 mmHg), more than three quarters (76.5%) present complications related to HTA and more than the half presents a higher even very higher cardiovascular risck. Globally, the results indicate rather satisfactory observance of diet compared with salt and fat consumption of the population. Nevertheless, tensional numbers remain raised in none insignificant proportion of cases (74.5%), in supposing other determinants to essential HTA and inviting medicinal therapeutic reajustement.