معيار الاتساق و انسجام في ترجمة كتاب"Les conditions de la renaissance" "لمالك بن نبي" إلى اللغة العربية

Abstract

Nowadays, translation has become an essential activity imposed by the permanent interaction between peoples in order to communicate and to share information and experiences. That is why linguistS and intellectuals dedicated their efforts to investigate the problems that may face them when translating, then find the appropriate solutions to these problems. These solutions are translated into many different theories. And like any other sciences or study which are in a continued evolution,translation has developed tending more and more in its studies to the fields related to the language. Among these fields is ""textual linguistics"" which studying texts from its different aspects: syntactic, semantic and contextual. It means that this field deals with the internal and external relationships which make the text a cohesive and coherent whole which is distinguished by the function of communication. That is why the translator must have a deep knowledge of translation and linguistic at first, because translation is based on texts.Therefore, the translator must focus in particular on a set of criteria that realize the character of textuality to the translated text first and foremost cohesion and coherence which indicate that the translator masters the syntactic and semantic level of the text, and so a good master of the target language. In addition to that, if his text includes the criteria of both coherence and cohesion, this means that the translator masters the source language. In this research we have tried to deal with this subject through an analysis of the translation of the book intitled ""les Conditions de la Renaissance""of the Algerian thinker ""Malek Ben Nabi"" translated into Arabic by ""Omar Kamel Meskaoui"" and ""Abdesabour Chahine"" to make sure whether the translated text responds to the coherence and cohesion conditions, for these two criteria mark texts textuality, because the absence of one of them or both leads to the nonsense. In order to look into the subject, we have divided the present study into three chapters. The first and the second are devoted to the theoretical study, while the third is to the practical study. The first chapter entitled ""Translation, Language and Text"" discuses two sections, first the relationship translation-linguistic in general, and the effect of the different successive linguistic schools of translation. The second topic deals with the relationship translation-textual linguistics. The latter is an extension of pragmatic linguistics. To give a value to this topic, we have proposed three titles: the text definition, textuality's criteria and the relationship text-translation which is the most important title in this topic, because translation is a practice based on texts, and all what concerns text is its subjects of study. In addition the textuality notions and cretaria had influenced translation. Concerning the second chapter, it is about two criteria of textuality ""cohesion"" and ""coherence"". We have chosen specifically these two criteria because of their direct relationship with text. Finally, the third chapter which is the practical part, it contains two sections. The first is entitled ""An Analytical and Critical Study of Translation Cohesion"", where we have chosen some examples of the source text with their translation in order to see what is the method chosen by the translator when translating the cohesive tools and if he had arrived to produce a cohesive text or not. In contrast, the second section entitled ""An Analytical and Critical Study of the Translation Coherence"", Is to know if the translator masters the use of the cohesive tools and coherent procedures existing in the target language to give a translated text which distinguished by textuality. At the end of this research, we came to the following result: the knowledge of the cohesion role by the translator helps him analyze the text before translating it, to see if there is a good combination between its sentences and parts, in order to translate correctly the tools which realize this combination. As for the translation of Abdesabour Chahine and Omar Kamel Meskaoui, we can say that their choices when translating these tools were diversified. They often kept the same element used in the source text by giving its equivalent in the target language in some cases, and they changed these tools, in other cases. Concerning the analytical study of the coherence in the translated text, we found through some examples that the two translators didn't respect the order of ideas of the original text. They added more explanation and examples which aren't mentioned in the source text which allow us to say that faithfulness to the source text requires some respect from the translator of the author's ideas without adding or deleting. In general, the two translators didn't miss neither content nor ideas of the source text, but they did their best to give translation almost similar to the original text even though they made changes regarding some cohesive tools. When translating, they produced a cohesive text that contains suitable tools to the target language without missing the desired sense of the source text. This is due to the knowledge of the two translators of the differences existing between the grammatical structures of the two languages and because each language has its own means for linking ideas.