أثر الدراسات الاعجازية في تطور الحركة النقدية إلى غاية القرن الخامس الهجري.

Abstract

This work aims to show the impact of iijaaz researches on the development of critical movement in the fifth century HA. So it stand on the beginning of the emergence of criticism guided by linguists considering that rethorical, literary and el ijaaz studies which started from the depth of language by their individual and synthetic dimensions, passing through the studies in the third century HA where it is developed by Ibn Qutayba , aljahid and so on. And it has taken a far dimension in studying grammar where it presented metaphor and the utterance, meaning and statement in general is the important part of this giving point of time then these sequences in the fourth century HA where some of researchers went deeper in this period in showing these latter and studying in a scientific and adequate way, as alkhattabi, alromani, el-amedi and qudama ibn jaafar did ; where these critics pushed the wheel of criticism to scientific accuracy and objectivity and they established two critical schools :scientific descriptive criticism school, and the educational criticism. The former is concerned with counting, analysis, statistics and drawing conclusions, and the other is concerned by development of rhetorical rules reached by the critical study of the scientific school . In the fifth century HA, criticism has reached to an advanced stage of development by some of scholars as Baqlani, Abdul-Jabbar, Ibn Sinan, and Abdul-Qaher Al-Jurjani. The critical issues in their studies had a greater presence, where they has studied the previous sequences such as metaphor, utterance and meaning which Abdul-Qaher removed the ambiguity of them, and he wrote two books separately about meaning and statement. Also we do not ignore the efforts of both Ibn Sinan and Ibn Rashiq. The first enhance the phonetic studies in his era where the second foucus on the rethorical and critical studies and presented them in one book which is consisted of two parts , its title is al Umda. This latter was from the important sources which reflected the attempts to reveal the aesthetic ancient Arabic texts.