Résumé:
Our work consists of studying the behavioral determinants of appetite and the involvement of the bile acid receptor TGR5 in the modulation of food preferences and its association with obesity. A survey on eating behavior and assessment of subjective and objective appetite was conducted among 208 young adults. Subjective feelings of appetite were estimated by scores on a visual analog scale and objective appetite was estimated by nutrient intake and interprandial intervals. The identification of a signaling pathway via the TGR5 receptor in lipid-glucidic homeostasis and its implication in the modulation of dietary preferences and in obesity was carried out in WT and TGR5-/- mice. The association of the TGR5 gene polymorphism with obesity has been investigated in 127 children. Food consumption depends on the subjective sensations of appetite, and the preprandial duration. Stress induces overconsumption of energy. Consumption habits and the importance given to meals favored more energy consumption. The subjective satiation score is associated with nutritional intake. The gustatory pleasure score is correlated with protein and lipid intake. Gastric fullness is correlated with fiber intake. The energy density of dishes has a positive influence on satiation and negatively on gastric fullness. Only the sensation of gustatory pleasure is influenced by the pleasantness of the dish served. Postprandial duration is positively correlated with subjective satiation score and gustatory pleasure, but not with gastric fullness.The proteins had presented a satiating effect and a satietogenic power more important, than those of the carbohydrates and the lipids. The deletion of the TGR5 gene associated with a high fat diet, leads to a decrease in energy expenditure, and an imbalance of carbohydrate-lipid and energy homeostasis, as well as a decrease in the secretion of GLP-1. To which are added inflammatory effects and hepatic steatosis. Indeed, TGR5 is also involved in the control of dietary fat intake through its involvement in the physiology of taste buds. The study of the single nucleotide polymorphism of TGR5 (SNP rs11554825) further confirms its involvement in childhood obesity.
