Résumé:
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Algeria diabetes is the second chronic disease after hypertension (hypertension). Metabolic syndrome with these characteristics is a major factor in cardiovascular risk. In the workplace, the constraints of the professional environment can favor, beyond the traditional risk factors, the development and the evolution of the cardiovascular diseases. NCDs can result in significant
social and economic costs due to absenteeism, job loss and expensive medical expenses. In this context, the state of health of workers is a necessary concern. In Algeria, there is no information available on this category of population and in particular on NCDs and risk factors causing or aggravating the disease. The main objective of our study was to describe the risk factors of two NCDs (diabetes and high
blood pressure) for workers in a company in southern Algeria.Our study is descriptive of transversal type (2014) with the history from 1995 to 2014. It concerned 204 adult male workers (diabetic, hypertensive and diabetic-hypertensive), subject to the same working conditions and
who share the same type community feeding at the same level of life in southern Algeria.The study is presented in two parts: for the year 2014, a cross-sectional descriptive study, aimed at describing the diet of these workers, and assessing cardio-metabolic risk and dyslipidemia; And for the period 1995-2014 (study of the history of the state of health of the workers) an analysis of the medical records of the diabetics, documented since 1995 until 2014. The results showed mainly that our population is over 50 years old; with a 10-year average job
tenure. The professional category of execution status accounted for more than half of the three subpopulations (diabetic and / or hypertensive), and more than one third of the population belongs to cycle 1 (shift work). Our results showed that this study population was healthy at the date of recruitment. In 2014, 80.9% of the subjects were overweight, 31.0% of whom were obese. The workers (diabetic and / or hypertensive) affected by Cycle 1 had the highest rates of obesity. During the entire period from 1995 to 2014, only 7.3% of subjects maintained a normal weight, while the others (92.7%) developed overweight (47.1%) and obesity (45.6%). %). These results confirm a change in weight status towards excess weight. Before the onset of the disease, 51.4% of diabetics achieved the highest BMI value, while hypertensive and diabetichypertensive patients achieved the highest BMI value. In 2014, the SM was observed in 67.6% of subjects, almost all (92.5%) were diabetic-hypertensive. The food consumption of the workers was inadequate, with high consumption of red meat (1.5 times / day). and sweet products (1.6 times / day). Sugar drinks were consumed by hypertensives 0.9 times / day and 0.4 times / day by diabetics and hypertensive diabetics. By cons we found a frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables (4.1 times / day) by all subjects. Our study population is at high cardiovascular risk due to the frequent association of several risk factors (MS, obesity, diabetes, hypertension). These results are confirmed by numerous international studies. This finding justifies the adoption of preventive measures to reduce these risks in workers with metabolic syndrome. It is necessary to put in place preventive actions based on the information and the sensitization of all concerned about the effects of complications
related to these diseases, but also the benefits of an adequate balanced diet and a physical activity.
