Etude phytochimique et biologique de deux espèces de plantes de la flore de l'est algérien.

Abstract

A literature search has shown that species of the genus cistaceae and genus Calamintha widely present in the plant kingdom, are widely used in traditional medicine by local populations, particularly in Algeria.The extracts EtOAc and n-BuOH of the plant Calamintha gave the highest values of antioxidant power with different methods ABTS was a % of inhibition of 68.9/81.7% and DPPH was 27.6/80.99% and with ORAC/FRAP was 37.28/28.47 and 21.73/19.52 µM/ml respectively. We completed our work with a small microbiological study of the raw fractions of both plants, which yielded satisfactory results that will be preliminary to future researches. Belonging to the cistaceae family for one and the labiate family for the second, these two genera are reputed to accumulate substances of the flavonic type, molecules known for their various biological activities including antioxidant. In this work, our interest focused on the isolation of secondary metabolites in search of new phenolic models that can be bioactive. Regarding the choice of species to study, our main criterion was endemism and the fact that certain species have never been the subject of phytochemical investigations concerning the plant Calamintha baborensis. For the second plant Cistus Villosus our choice was arbitrary because on a list of 15 plants picked in the region of Bouhmama, known for its floristic richness our choice fell on this plant because it presented a two-dimensional flavonic map relatively rich and little complicated to separate. Our extraction work on the aerial parts (leaves and flowers) of the endemic species Calamintha Baborensis followed by chromatographic separations (CC, CCM) allowed us to isolate and identify using LC-MS / MSn techniques. several known flavonoid molecules. Analogous treatment of the aerial parts of the Cistus Villosus species led to the separation and identification by MNR technics of five molecules : tilirioside isolated for the first time in this genus and also (ramnosyl, glycosyl and galactosyl) three hexosylated forms of quercetin and the vicenin. The GC / MS analysis of the essential oil of Calamintha Baborensis as well as that of its nonpolar fractions showed a wide variety of compounds, mainly eugenol (27.04%) followed by 3- methoxyacetophenone (26.4%). ) terpene compounds such as caryophyllene oxide (1.84%) trans beta-ionone (1.71%) phenylethyl alcohol (6.58%). GC / MS analysis of apolar fractions of cistus villosus showed a variety of compounds, namely 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,4,7a-trimethyl-, (R) -2 (4H) -Benzofuranone Then comes eugenol, benzyl alcohol, a terpene which is 4- (3-hydroxy-butenyl) -3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, a nitrogen compound which is 2- amino-4-methoxy-phenol and also 2,3,4,4a, 5,6-hexahydro-7-methoxy-quinoline as well as 1,2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) -phenol and for the most part hydrocarbons