Abstract:
In this thesis, aerial parts of two plants belong to Asteraceae family were studied. The first is Echinops spinosus, species distributed around the world and is commonly used in the
treatment of various diseases. The second one is Pulicaria undulata, species present in desert areas of North Africa and all of the Middle East regions and mainly used in the treatment of various diseases.
For experimental purposes, the Echinops spinosus sample plants were collected from the
north-eastern part of Algeria in a region near Annaba, whereas the Pulicaria undulate, was
harvested in the Djanet region (Tassili ) in the southeastern part of Algeria.
During the laboratory work, different extraction and separation methods were used as
maceration, chromatographic column, TLC and HPLC preparations. Additionally, and in
order to determine the structures of the isolated compounds, deferent spectroscopic methods
were combined: nuclear magnetic resonance and its different applications (1H-NMR, 13C
NMR, DEPT, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY and NOE difference) as well as spectrometry
of mass high resolution, UV, IR and chiroptical spectroscopy (Polarimetry, Electronic
Circular Dichroïsm ECD).
Seven phenolics compounds from Echinops spinosus were isolated and identified: One
aglycone flavonoid, five glycosids flavonoids and one quinic acid. For the first time, ten
sesquiterpenes were obtained from the chloroformic extract of Pulicaria undulata (nine
sesquiterpenes lactones belong to the Asteriscunolide type and one humulene)
The biological study includes the antioxidant activity of CHCl3, AcOEt and n-BuOH extracts
for Echnops spinosus L.and the anti-inflammatory activity of the CHCl3 extract for Pulicaria
undulata L., and that of two isolated compounds.
Analysis GC and GC/MS of the essential oil of Pulicaria undulata L. identified 31
compounds. The main components are carvotanacetone (14,8%), δ-cadinene (8,2%),
α-cadinol (4,7%), epi-α-cadinol (3,4%) and thujanol (4,7%).
