Hydrodynamisme et minéralisation du complexe aquifère du bassin frontalier d'El Ma El Abiod wilaya de Tébessa (S-E Algérien)

Abstract

The plain of El Ma El Abiod is located in the extreme eastern Algeria, in Tébessa and part of the watershed Chott Melhrir, it is subject to a semi-arid climate where the average rainfall scarcely exceeds the 250mm / year. During recent decades, the area of El Ma El Abiod was marked by intense drought (erratic rainfall, higher temperatures and high evapotranspiration) also overexploitation of water reserves resulting a very significant downwash groundwater level of the Miocene tablecloth, which are the main source of food in the region; This leads to progressive desertification of the plain. From the analysis of the current situation on the ground, this work helps to explain the operating mechanisms of the water of Miocene sands from its boundary conditions to its hydrodynamic and physicochemical characteristics, namely presence of pollutants and their sources. This study is based on the development of an inventory of pollution sources, taking into account several factors, such as lithology land and climatic conditions, the location of discharges from sewage, farming and animal husbandry. The vulnerability of groundwater in the plain of El Ma EL Abiod depends on the major expansion of the industrial, agricultural and urban context Despite a relative wealth of potential water resources, economic growth accompanied by industrialization, urban concentration accelerated and modernization of agriculture, led to a large increase in demand for water and therefore a high degree of pollution, monitoring degradation of water quality in the plain.