La wilaya de Mila

Abstract

The aim of this development is to know the hydraulic constraints and reasons from that accentuate the of crisis drinking water in the wilaya of Mila, now and in the coming years. This alarming truth compels us to develop a quantitative and qualitative analysis of our water potentials (surface mobilized in dams and groundwater). We want to find the best solutions to reduce the shortcomings already accumulated. There has been an unforgivable delay in the public sector in management and management of water resources. A serious lack of investment therefore non-payment of bills and services by economic sectors, government agencies and households, their arguments are water scarcity and sometimes poor distribution. To cope with this difficult problem, the government gave the green light to begin the privatization of blue gold. The wilaya of Mila consists of a network of 32 municipalities from the last administrative division of 1984 the majority of these are common urban core, formerly agricultural villages. With an area of 3478.4 km2 and a population of 779,300 inhabitants (RGPH2008), the wilaya of Mila is a network of large villages with a population agglomerated 80% in urban areas masterpieces (ACL). Manage water scarcity is not an easy task. Water scarcity is a real hindrance to the quality of life of households. Inter-territorial disparity is to say, disparities in the provision of water and its services despite the presence of a large hydraulic structure that is Beni Haroun dam. There is a rivalry and competition on sectoral water use. Mobilization of water resources is one of the concerns of government and a concern for local communities. Have water that is to say to get a key factor in economic development. That is to say, again, satisfaction and strengthening of household socio-economic components of cities. The contribution of the Beni Haroun dam is 18,374,100 m3/year. Beni Haroun dam is a mega project to national character, which must ensure the development of land high plains of Constantine. It aims, also, the power of cities and urban areas in the region with drinking water. Beni Haroun dam, currently in service, receives the waters of a watershed 8815 km2. Mobilized volume is 795 million cubic meters of which 588 Mm3 volume as regularisable and usable. The area flooded by the water of the great hydraulic equipment is approximately 3640 ha area is a small town. The amount regularisable is intended to meet: - The water needs for wilayates Constantine Jijel, Mila, Oum El Bouaghi Khanchela and Batna due to 255 m3/year. - Irrigation of 36,000 ha of agricultural land in the high plains of Constantine with 333 Mm2/an. - Minimize and slow the speed of water in order to protect the settlements of El Maarouf and Milia. The construction of the dam of Beni Hroun generates conflicts of land expropriation, but resistance to the implementation of this dam was low. Works began in 1990, and are followed by political discourses which show that the dam is a structural element of the space of the wilaya of Mila, and that dam can thus alleviate the crisis of drinking water. It maximizes the chances of local development in the context of a territorial logic. The total amount mobilized in the wilaya of Mila is 75,333,477 m3/year in (2008). Access to safe drinking water in the wilaya of Mila's struck by a regional and social disparities. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) a citizen has access to drinking water if it is connected to the municipal system or is served by a fountain less than 200 m. Access to drinking water is improving, but too little benefit from improved sanitation. A Mila as in all the provinces of Algeria, water market is not well studied, especially with regard to supply and demand, the quantity and quality of the product, consumer behavior and end the global economic environment. The problem of water supply is to provide water to everyone, every family, every home, and this has nothing to do with the issue of water resources. The water market may known. With service and ridiculous prices fictional present, the issue of water resources and drinking water is far closer to economic reality. Difficulties and technical and organizational dysfunction is a problem of management to a growing demand from the people. Water is a vital commodity in the biological sense, strategic economic sense. It is the subject of a diversified large-scale use in different socio-economic areas that rapidly increasing demand of users. This causes conflicts between users and management services. Currently the water becomes a rare, rare because the demand for this precious commodity is increasing. Overflowing demand outstrips supply. Despite the presence of a mega Beni Haroun dam on the departmental territory. The entire population of the wilaya of Mila a shortage in water. There is a limited production of raw water and drinking water. - Lack of water and some groundwater in the wilaya of Mila because the geological structure is marked by the presence of continental Pliocene formations Meo without groundwater resources. - Extensions urban economies to determine resource which spare neither agricultural land nor land likely to contain aquifers. - An unprecedented urban pollution, domestic sewage and urban runoff transport of hydrocarbon oils, lead and other heavy metals harmful to human health and natural ecosystems. - A disproportionate drinking water supply with the growth of population in the towns and villages of the province and even in rural areas. The wilaya of Mila suffer seriously, about intermittence characterizing the distribution of drinking water. In Beni-Gucha, neighboring town of Ferdjioua the disserts can not reach 50 minutes per day in most neighborhoods. Intermittent increases in communes and towns in the northern mountainous strip (Hamala, Chigara, Bienen, Arres Tassala, Zaraza, Tassadène), generally these areas are marked by technical problems of setting up networks ( ASP) problem topography and topographical situation. Intermittency due thus to seasonal variations in precipitation. In the summer period each year, Mila is under a drought of more than 3 three months and had lower amount distributed in this case, intermittency becomes a strategy for managing water resources. In 2005, the city is affected Mila strong intermittency. 80% of households have water every other day with a time slot average of 6 hours for each area. With a slight disparity service area one (1) published the most disservi expatiates with 8 hours, followed by the area three (3) with a expatiates 7 hours 30 minutes in zone two (2) seems the most affected the problem of inconsistency with less than 6 hours time slot, may be technical problems or some kind of disparity of services between districts? The supply of water is a public service that should be left uniformly according to geographical and social equality (20). In 2008 30% of households interviewed said they do not have water everyday. The year 2009 is the entrance to the dam of Beni Haroun service but the intermittent nature of the distribution of drinking water is unresolved. Intermittency blights the lives of households over a period up to three least annually. The storage of water by Mila is a practice almost part of a way of life of the population. To ease the crisis of water shortage, generally related to acute volatility of daily supply of water, 100% of households interviewed said they store water. Collection of water in the wilaya of Mila is a secular practice especially for households who live in the countryside and rural areas. 58% of households in the wilaya of Mila collect drinking water to meet their needs. The collection is very strong among households not connected in common to the northern mountainous strip Amira Arres Bainen Tarai, Tassala, Chigara, Hamala, and Tassadene Zaraza. The majority of those interviewed said that the price of water is very high and the prices are always increasing. Households find it difficult to settle their water bills, especially in the area managed by the services of the Algerian Des Eaux (ADE). Some heads of households show their water bills protesting what they believe as inflated fixed price, knowing that users pay no capital costs or operating costs and maintenance works to mobilize water. The water thus becomes a source of violent tensions in the towns and villages in the wilaya of Mila. Reduce the inconsistency in the distribution of drinking water is a problem that will last for years to come. For policy makers and managers inconstancy is a sort of technical rationalization of consumption of drinking water. Reduce the inconsistency in the distribution of drinking water is a kind of solution for households that continue to store water and seek compensatory strategies to fight against shortages. Renounce drink water now appeared in some households who live in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Promote partnership in diversifying the modes of access to water and management. Water for Life is to say: good health for the individual and society, standard of living for households, economic development, peace and security for the country.