Abstract:
Photonic crystals are nanostructured materials with submicron feature sizes allow unprecedented control of light confinement and enable the miniaturization of main optical functions. Precisely, this thesis is a body of work that builds on the design and development of new components based on photonic crystals for applications in light guiding and high sensitivity detection, using a method based on solving Maxwell's equations finite difference in the 2D-FDTD dimensional time domain.
The single line defect photonic crystal waveguide is one of the devices that have been widely explored. Most photonic crystal waveguide structures are designed and fabricated in triangular lattice with circular holes. We designed a single row W1 triangular lattice with a
judicious choice of parameters guide. We evaluated the transmission in the guide and we got a maximum transmission about of 60% on the entire band related to the PBG. Another type of guide has been designed, it is the bend guide W1 triangular lattice, by optimizing the topology of the bend, we have shown that the transmission bend circuit is much improved over a wide range.
PC waveguide is one class of PC devices that has been demonstrated for RI (refractive index) measurements. For the development of two dimensional reconfigurable photonic circuits, we propose an RI sensor based on single line PCW structure.
When the PC’s air holes are full of homogenous de-ionized water, the wavelength position of band edges of this sensor will shift accordingly due to the variation of RI. The sensor is sensitive to the change of RI in the air hole and it can be optimized to realize high sensitivity,wide measurement range and improved transmission. It has been observed that a 306 nm
wavelength position of the lower band edge shift was observed corresponding to a sensitivity of more than 927 nm/RIU (refractive index nit).
