Résumé:
The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of argan oil and selenium against oxidative stress induced by mercury. For this reason, a phytochemical study of antioxidant tested in vitro was performed on argan oil to estimate its expected effect. The results showed the presence of phenolic compounds in a very high concentration. The evaluation of power scavenger argan oil is more active with IC50 = 13.33 ± 1.3, and in vivo on Albino Wistar rats were treated with mercury alone or combined with argan oil and selenium, for a period of three weeks, the blood is then withdrawn and the rats are sacrificed the various parameters are determined. From the analysis of our results, we observed a significant reduction in weight gain during treatment with mercury alone or combined with argan oil and selenium, but no clear change in the relative weight of liver, kidney or spleen was obtained. The results also showed significant changes in biochemical parameters, immunological and haematological. Characterized primarily by a significant increase in serum glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid, total and direct bilirubin, total lipids, cholesterol, triglyceride, conjugated diene and the enzymatic activity of AST, ALT, LDH and PAL .dropoff window Whereas serum concentrations of albumin and total protein were reduced in treated rats compared to mercury control animals. Results also show immunological and haematological toxicity especially among the treated groups the pure mercury, an increase in serum IL-1, IL-6 and TNF and elevated white blood cell count, decreased red blood cell levels, hemoglobin concentration the percentage of hematocrit and phagocytic activity during treatment with mercury. Thus the treatment of the rats with the mercury causes a reduction in the plasma antioxidant capacity characterized by decrease in the serum concentration of vitamin E and C and rate of DPPH and thiols. We also observed that the results obtained highlight the detoxifier potential expressed by the decrease in erythrocyte glutathione levels, liver and kidney, metallothionein, the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant system SOD, GPx, GST and catalase and increased in lipid peroxidation expressed by the high levels of plasma MDA, erythrocyte, liver and kidney. Also the results clearly showed substantive alterations of tissue studies in comparison with the control, with hepatocyte cytolysis, hepatic necrosis and tubular degeneration with necrosis of the kidneys. Furthermore supplementation argan oil and selenium changed the toxic effects of mercury and decreased histological alterations and showed that both antioxidants are effective against oxidative stress induced by mercury
