ترجمة مظاهر الالتباس من الإنجليزية إلى العربية

Abstract

"The aim of the present paper is to study the ambiguity phenomenon in translation from English into Arabic and the methods to avoid it. The problem on which our study is centering consists of knowing if the ambiguity is an inevitable phenomenon, what are the causes that drive to make mistakes when translate ambiguous words? In order to answer to these problems, we have put some hypotheses to be served as a support to the study: - Knowing one sense of the polysemous word. - The arbitrary selection of polysemous words from bilingual dictionaries. - Failure to comply with the situation of the ambiguous word. In this study, we have chosen an analytic comparative methodology which is appropriate for the comparison between two languages. The first theoretical part consists of three chapters, the first one is devoted to study ambiguous aspects in language, the second, however, states the theoreticians’ opinions on the ambiguity. ط ؿَ شٔ ظٓخٛ ح ٫ ظُزخ ح ٩ ٗ ٣ِ ٤ِ ش ا ٠ُ ح ؼُ رَ ٤ش - ى حٍ شٓ طل ٤ِ ٤ِ ش وٓخ شٍٗ - 136 The third chapter examines the causes of ambiguity and the factors to avoid it. The ambiguity consists of two categories: one called lexical, the other syntactic. Lexical ambiguity includes polysemy and homonymy, the syntactic ambiguity, however, lies in syntactic interference. The theoreticians of translation pay particular attention to the factors: context and situation, because ambiguity lies in isolated sentences outside context, since the translator could take the ambiguity away in real situations, contrary to the computer which deals with codes. In order to avoid the ambiguity, the translator has to take advantage of all factors around the ambiguous word, as regards the entire text or the extra linguistic knowledge consisting in the text nature or the author. The third chapter tackles also the machine translation and its difficulties, since it deals with codes. The practical part deals with the analysis and critical study of the translation of three chapters of Henry Kessingers’ “Diplomacy”, translated into Arabic by Malek Fadel El Budairi, by listing several examples of ambiguous words and their translation, the critical comments and a suggestion of an appropriate translation. ط ؿَ شٔ ظٓخٛ ح ٫ ظُزخ ح ٩ ٗ ٣ِ ٤ِ ش ا ٠ُ ح ؼُ رَ ٤ش - ى حٍ شٓ طل ٤ِ ٤ِ ش وٓخ شٍٗ - 137 Finally, we have brought out these results: - The translation of ambiguous words requires knowledge of verbal context that lies in words and sentences around the ambiguous words. - Ignoring the situation which is the message circumstances could drive to an inappropriate translation of polysemous words. - There are some words monosymous in the source language become polysemous in the target language, this phenomenon is called by Lederer “external polysemy”, as an example “cousin” in English which has eight terms in Arabic, since the gender in English is not distinguished."