الاتفاقيات الجماعية بين اعضاء جامعة الدول العربية من اجل التكامل الاقتصادي بينها

Abstract

Modern international relations are characterized and organized according to common rules and institutions for the conclusion of a series of agreements to create rules and institutions that make up an effective and independent means of representing autonomous entities in the United States under the rules of modern international law, in various aspects, including the economy, which has more importance, especially at this time, which is characterized by the integration for development and prosperity and strength, build capacity and potential joint efforts to ensure the development of peoples in terms of what it needs this evolution and development of the enormous potential may not be available in one state in the light of scientific and technological development great. And so goes the Arab Group in accordance with this approach to integration, especially after the creation of the League of Nations, to announce the creation of the League of Arab States in March 1945. The Arab League has agreed to base which aims to strengthen ties between the Member States and to coordinate its plans to achieve the cooperation and the maintenance of the independence and sovereignty of its states and generally regarded in the business of Arab countries in accordance with Article II of the Charter. As well as for cooperation in economic and financial affairs of trade, customs, currency, agriculture, industry and transport of all kinds. Which shows the weight of this very important agreement and the remainder of the agreements subject of our study in order to achieve the substance of Article II of the Charter of the League of Arab States, particularly in the field of integration economic cooperation between the members of this Convention under which they established a regional organization among Arab countries. However, the Arab entity was not beginning to reflect the aspirations of the people for unity as links and hopes against the dangers that threaten their existence, independence and wealth by the former colonial powers and industrial countries that exploit agricultural resources and raw materials of Arab States. Despite the Arab League has started its creation to collect seven independent states, the number became twenty-two members representing all Arab countries currently without achieving the block only partially. Cooperation remains low by historical, cultural and geographical ties on the one hand and threats by powerful countries on the other hand, under the current era of success and privileges in the development and evolution made by integrations. As well as studies and research in this field. Our study is divided into two chapters Every one consists of sections and parts, according to historical investigative approach. The first part is named: the conventional framework of economic integration including the social conventions of the Arab Labour Organization, the agreement on the mobility of labor between members, and the Convention on labor standards. And economic agreements namely the agreement of the economic unit, the Convention on the establishment of the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, and Convelntion on current payments and capital movements. We also studied the commercial and financial business plan for the accord facilitate trade and transit, the Convention take a unified table of tariffs, and the Convention on the Arab Monetary Fund. And in the agricultural and industrial sectors, the Arab Organization for Ag ricultural Development (IFAD), the Convention on the Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Drylands, and the Arab Organization for Industrial Development. All this in order to specify the number, diversity and importance of the agreements between the members of the League of Arab States who can, if properly harnessed and applied to return to the size of the members, which is evidenced by the studies and research in this field. Was awarded the second chapter to the achievement of Arab economic integration steps. Talked about the definition of economic integration and integration in the areas of social, agricultural and industrial life, through the first section, which examined the Arab integration in social éxamnant labor issues and employment through the first part devoted to the study of the strategy of social work, the movement of Arab labor and brain drain. We discussed in the second part of the integration in the agricultural field, studied the theme of agriculture and food security, the Arab strategy for food security. In the third part, we talked about the integration in the industrial sector affected the Arab industrial structure, the integration of Arab industrial strategy and development. The second section is devoted to the Arab oil wealth and integration in the monetary and financial sector. Spoke of the oil wealth and its role in economic integration. in the first part, we studied the discovery of oil and its monopoly, the oil industry and the oil money and its role in the Arab economic integration. We talked in the second part in the field of financial and monetary integration on the experience of the Arab Monetary integration and exchange of capital. We discussed in the third section of the Arab common market as a model of Arab economic integration, spoken in the first part of the free movement of people and capital, freedom of trade in goods and domestic goods, freedom of residence , employment and economic activity, and freedom of movement and transit, the use of means of transport. The second part is devoted to the importance of the market and the obstacles to the realization of the market according to the agreement and the measures set out in its terms. Then treated in the latter to establish the Arab Free Trade Agreement due to the failure of the Arab market. And we have completed our research to show the importance of regulating the mutual relations between states through joint integration regarding major joint economic projects one state is unable to achieve the security, development and progress towards a better life for the well-being of people, especially in the scientific and technological progress phenomenal in all areas, including the economic sphere sujer of this research, which plays a key role in the field of cooperation for integration in order to achieve common development. We noticed that the Arab countries, members of the League of Arab States made so long ago (March 1945), at the end of the Arab Gathering serves the common interest is the League of Arab States, and throughout the rest of the organizations and institutions in various fields, particularly in the economic and social aspects, as well as providing the mining of natural resources, including agriculture, both for the benefit of the peoples of the region as a whole are complementary adults contributes the evolution of these communities, in light of the phenomenon of integration between the powerful and even former enemies in Europe and America in particular. We conclude in this study, in spite of all the factors homogeneity and social cohesion and cultural and linguistic location, cultural, geographical and a common history, the members of the League of Arab States have not reached total agreement and treated common integration that should this homogeneous group, because many factors that prevent real convergence and utilities for the peoples of the region, which can be summarized as follows: 1 - Political factors: Despite the availability of Conventional framework and texts encouraging the completion of the integration between the members of the League of Arab States. But none of this has happened so far because of foreign influence, which is still perching on politicians of States and their political systems, which do not take into account the aspirations of their people. And the lack of political will and institutional thinking to push agreements and joint Arab projects and organizations with the practical application and implementation in order to achieve common development and integration and thus promotes their people and progress. And factors of difference of political systems in the Arab countries between monarchiqures systems and Republican liberalism and socialism, despite a decline of socialist ideas in the current Arab system. 2 - Economic factors: Contributed to the problems of the private industrial and economic backwardness and dependence on external economies, the absence of achieving cooperation and integration and economic development, despite the perception accurate integration and interface privileged cooperation which is demonstrated by the available studies and research proven in this regard specifically on request of members of the Arab League. The weakness of the integrated planning and variation of development efforts in the Member increasingly dispersed countries. Against the increasing integration with the outside depending on the international division of labor imposed by the major economic powers of the world. May be changing authoritarian regimes of the Arab peoples and the spread of freedom and democracy can change the balance in favor of the implementation of joint economic and social projects available which is always in vain. 3- Legal factors: May be using the unanimity of a large number of critical agreements governing Arab decisions for implementation accorts in turn contributes to the lack of economic efficiency for the implementation of joint projects. And the preference of national sovereignty, which has contributed to a significant portion of the ineffectiveness of joint ventures, despite the variety and diversity.