Résumé:
Nosocomial infections are particularly common in patients hospitalized in
reanimation, compared to other areas of care.
Objectives: The objective of this study is to estimate the incidence of patients with nosocomial
infection, identify the main microorganisms, determine the influence of the main risk factors, and the
antibiotic resistance profile of the germs most often implicated in the reanimation.
Methods: This study is a descriptive, retrospective and prospective; started from 01 January 2020
to 5 May 2023.
Results and discussion: During the study period, 661 patients was hospitalized over 48 hours,
56 had a nosocomial infection, with an overall incidence of 08.47%. The average age of infected patients
is 58.73 years and the H/F sex ratio is 02.29. The significant risk factors for NI acquisition are chronic
pathologies (diabetes, Hypertension, hypothyroidism, etc.), with a rate of 62.5% (p = 0.045) and surgical
interventions with a rate of 08.9% (p = 0.018). Three types of NIs are identified, with NP occupying
the first place (30.59%), followed by NB (25.89%) and NUI (22.35%). The rate of patients with
polyinfection is 15.29%.
The germs responsible are mainly Gram-negative bacteria, with 61.8% dominance. Identification of
these bacteria revealed the presence of A. baumannii, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, C. freundii,
M. morganii, B. cepacia, A. salmonicida, E. cloacae, P. mirabilis and H. influenzae. Gram-positive
bacteria account for only 36.7% and the palm is back to Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and
Streptococcus. Candida glabrata is the only isolated yeast. Two types of resistance profile are observed,
ESBL (63.63%) and MRB (36.36%).
Conclusion: Epidemiological surveillance of infections in resuscitation and the application of
hygiene measures are priorities to be included in any nosocomial infection prevention program
