ترجمة الحوارية في الرواية العربية والفرنكوفونية ما بعد الكولونيالية

Abstract

The present study aims at investigating the translation of dialogism in the postcolonial novel through a comparative analytical study of four novels written in Arabic and French. The Arabic corpus is inclusive of: Mawsim Alhijra Ila Shamal –Saison de la migration vers le nord- written by the Sudanese writer Al-Tayeb Salih and translated into French by Abd al-Wahhab al-Muadab and Fadi Noun; Chicago, by Egyptian writer Alaa Al-Aswany, translated by Gilles Gauthier. The French corpus consists of two novels as well: Nedjma by the Algerian writer Kateb Yacine, the analysis was based on the latest translation, completed by Said Boutagine; Samarkand by the Franco-Lebanese writer Amin Maalouf, translated into Arabic by Afif Dimashqieh. The crucial importance of Bakhtinian’s dialogism in the postcolonial novel caught our attention. The study consists in an introduction and five chapters. The entry is a founding induction, combining personal perception and the current literary translation act in the postcolonial context. We devoted the first chapter to the Bakhtinian principle, which we adopt as a critical concept and a procedural tool. The second chapter aims to harness the understanding of postcolonial literature in the light of dialogism, as visions, themes, and literary styles of particularity. The third chapter discusses the current theories of translation and the dialogic transfer in the postcolonial context. We stopped by describing and analyzing literary, philosophical, and hermeneutic theories, as well as the essential ideas posed by cultural and postcolonial studies. Furthermore, we attempted to approach translating dialogism and the postcolonial novel in general, regarding the philosophical basis of the Bakhtinian thought. The research moves from analysis to synthesis, so that the latter constitutes a possible path, supported by the practical part, in translating the Bakhtin’s dialogue in its total manifestations, and thus in translating the novelistic faculty. The fourth and fifth chapters dealt with the comparative reading. We analysis grid we adopted is based on the manifestations of the dialogic principle, such as polyphony, hybridity, the dialogic background of the utterance, ideological samples, intertextuality, and intentionality. We concluded that translation in the post-colonial context is mainly grounded on effective dialogical understanding, which is determined by the micro and macro structures of dialogism. The translation of the latter cannot be confined to one of the translation theories independently, but rather to combine several approaches according to a synthetic vision guided by the elements of the dialogic principle. We believe that the debate between the source and the target must be subject to a dialogue that takes into account the socio-historical context of the utterer. Sometimes the transmission of the original reality does not have an effect on the translation quality, so that it becomes a disposition, and at other times, the ideological current imposes respect for the original in order to achieve understanding. The Bakhtinian dialogic principle serves as an indicative background for the establishment of an effective epistemological path in translating and criticizing. This path is not only concerned with one of the translational stages, but also provides the necessary approach and awareness to both the translator and the reader of translations. The constant tension between the dialogic elements guides translation decision-making.