Contribution à l’étude de la congestion et la régulation du trafic routier pour l’évaluation de la circulation en milieu urbain.

Abstract

Algeria, like all countries around the world, is experiencing a considerable explosion of the automobile fleet due to population growth and the need for travel, which have created an imbalance in the state of road traffic in most Algerian cities, consequently causing the phenomenon of road traffic congestion. The objective of this thesis is to find a solution to congestion in complex urban intersections crossing with a tramway line, through optimal management of mixed traffic. The methodology that has been followed is based on the evaluation and optimization of two main axes, which are the performance of the tramway and the traffic control in mixed traffic intersections (tramways - vehicles). This has been done through an in-depth study of the tramway performance to show how it can worsen or improve the traffic condition, thus through a combination of two static models that allow fluidifying the traffic in this type of intersections, based on real data of the tramway operation and the actual traffic regulation. The results found proved, on the one hand, that Constantine tramway is badly managed and that its performance is weak, especially in terms of comfort and regularity. This has had a negative impact on traffic flow in mixed traffic intersections. On the other hand, the traffic flow regulation in the intersection does not respond optimally to the existing conditions, especially because the timing of the traffic lights does not respond to the actual demand. The two combined models applied in our study improved traffic flow and effectively reduced congestion at the most complex intersection. In addition, the suggested recommendations allow further improvement of the tramway's performance and traffic fluidity. Finally, this work has proved that it is possible to reduce traffic congestion while optimizing the management of mixed traffic control systems, simultaneously, without the use of new infrastructure or additional technologies.