Cancer de la prostate

Abstract

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers among men. Age,ethnicity and family history are the established risk factors. The objective of this study was to realize a clinical-pathological study and to examine through molecular analysis of the possible combination between MTHFR C677T and XRCC4 G-1394T polymorphisms with the risk of prostate cancer among Algerian men. Methods: This case control study was conducted on 120 patients with prostate cancer and 101 controls. Clinical-pathological study was conducted using a questionnaire and consulting medical records. Anatomo-pathological study has been carried out by exploring surgical specimens. With regard to molecular analysis, genomic DNA was extracted by NaCl method and identification of polymorphisms in the MTHFR and XRCC4 genes for patients and controls has been carried out by using PCR-RFLP technique. Results: In Algeria, prostate cancer affects men at age the 50 and more. We found that the risk of this cancer increases significantly among alcoholics. 20,83% of patients with a family history of prostate cancer and 47,49% with other pathologies (Hypertention, Diabetes 1 and 2, heart disease). 75% of patients have abnormal RT at diagnosis. More than half of patients (58,33%) with PSA levels above 50 ng/ml. According to Gleason score, there are as many moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma as little or no differentiated adenocarcinoma. 64,16% of patients at a late stage and distant metastasis, underlining delayed diagnosis in our country. For the MTHFR C677T polymorphism, we found that the heterozygotes 677CT could be a risk factor for prostate cancer (p = 0,04; OR= 2,01, 95% IC: 1,02- 3,95). However, no association was observed between XRCC4 G-1394T polymorphism and the risk of prostate cancer (p = 0,26; OR= 0,52, 95% IC: 0,17-1,49). Conclusion: Our results seem to indicate that the risk of prostate cancer increase with alcohol consumption. In addition, genes polymorphisms could play a role in prostate carcinogenesis underscoring the importance of genetic screening.