Caractérisation phénotypique et profil biochimique de quelques souches locales de poules

Abstract

The use of selected commercial chicken and hens breeds characterized by their high production potential, has led to the neglect of local breeds or strains that are very important sources of genetic traits (adaptation to difficult climates, low dietary requirements and resistance to diseases). So, this study was conducted on different local chicken strains to identify their phenotypes, to characterize their body shapes through measurements, to determine their biochemical profile and to describe some of their production potentials. According to their phenotypes, 4 strains were identified: normal plumage NP, crested head CH naked neck NN and feathered tarsus FT. These strains showed a similar biochemical profile to accepted standards for hen; however, their carcasses were lighter with substantially heavier edible offal (gizzard, heart and liver). The quality of eggs produced by the NP strain hens are of better quality than those produced by other varieties. Finally it is important to undertake further studies on a larger number of strains in other localities. These investigations will focus on the genetic characterization by molecular markers, detailed analyzes of biochemical and hematological profiles, organoleptic analysis of food products from these strains, as well as evaluations of their ability to adapt to industrial farming conditions.