Intégration des énergies renouvelables dans le bâtiment.

Abstract

The use of solar energy to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels in buildings is an interesting solution. This thesis is part of this context. The objective of this work is, first of all, the detailed study of the sunspot and the estimation of the impact of its taking into account in the modelling of two buildings with weak and strong, thermal inertia. Then, secondly, two modifications which could be made to the Barra-Costantini (B-C) system, to improve its energy performance, can be made. For one, the ordinary glass of the B-C system is substituted by a semitransparent PV glass and for the other it is replaced by a glassed PV glass. A comparison between the energy performance of systems, classic B-C, PV/B-C and B-C with a glassed PV glass is carried out. The mathematical models of the five aforementioned systems are established using the nodal method and the thermoelectric analogy. The sunspot model is included in thermal balances. To carry out the calculations, the input parameters of the computing codes include, the geometric characteristics of the systems, the thermophysical properties of the building materials and the climatic conditions of the Ksar Challala site (35.10N, 2.19E, altitude 800m) in Algeria, for five successive days of 19-23 of months, March, June and December 2017. The resolution of equations systems is carried out by the iterative method of Gauss-Seidel. The obtained results show that the sunspot area, its stay time on the walls and internal solar gains are in proportional relation with the dimensions of the window and the orientation of the building. In addition, its consideration in the building model with high thermal inertia is not very significant unlike the weakly inertial building. In addition, the analysis of the numerical results of the classic B-C system and the two new configurations proposed, leads to note that the air temperature of the B-C system and that of the B-C system with glassed semi-transparent PV glass are almost equal (with a very slight difference of 0.3 ° C). It can therefore be considered that the use of the glassed PV glass is an effective improvement in the performance of the BarraCostantini system. The introduction of a semi-transparent PV glass (glassed or not) to the B-C system has allowed this hybrid system to be able to heat the interior space while simultaneously producing electricity.