دراسة التنوع البيومتري والبيوكميائي والجزيئي لمجموعة من نبات القمح الصلب .) (Triticum durum Desfالمنزرع بالجزائر

Abstract

The valorization of plant genetic resources requires the preservation against erosion of genetic diversity for use in genetic improvement programs. In this context, two consecutive field experiments are carried out on an accession of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) grown in Algeria including two varieties valenciae and mursience. The first experiment is carried out during the 2017/2018 agricultural season in rainy conditions on the site of the experimental agronomic research station of the Technical Institute of Field Crops (I.T.G.C) EL Khroub Constantine representing the high eastern plains. The second experiment was conducted during the 2018/2019 agricultural campaign on the same site of previous experimentation. In order to study, compare the morpho-physiological diversity and yield in different climatic conditions. The results obtained are treated by multivariate statistics (ANOVA and ACP) showed a difference between the genotypes of the two agricultural seasons with a decrease in performance of the parameters studied during the second season, however most of the genotypes of the valenciae variety have gave a better yield during the two experiments compared to the genotypes of the mursience variety and we also noted a positive correlation between the yield and its components.The results obtained highlighted a certain variability-intra and inter varietals. According to the principal component analysis, the choice of the most efficient genotypes are selected according to their phenotypic differentiations in each agricultural season to study the total proteins of the grains using the electrophoresis technique (SDS-PAGE). The results showed the existence of a very high remarkable polymorphism between the genotypes of each variety. Thus the hierarchical classification (Dendrogram) also made it possible to classify them into different groups. Out of all the genotypes of the two varieties, 31 genotypes selected after having the results of the total proteins for a molecular study based on the technique (PCR/SSR) to reveal the genetic diversity using the following 7 primers: WMS-234 Wms53, Wmc532 , CFA-2278, WMS-269, Wms-120 and WMS- 375 where genetic diversity is assessed by calculating the number of alleles per locus, the number of effective alleles, Expected heterozygosity, Observed heterozygosity and information content polymorphic (PIC). The results revealed a significant allelic diversity which is characterized by quite high polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranging from 0.59 to 0.82 of the primers WMS- 234 and Wms-120 respectively, thus an allelic average of 7 ,2 emphasizing the importance of the SSR marker. The hierarchical classification (dendrogram) based on a genetic similarity of the SSR alleles made it possible to distinguish two main groups with a high similarity between the different genotypes.