L’influence des probiotiques sur le métabolisme du Lapin.

Abstract

In recent years, the idea of modulating the intestinal microbiota with probiotics in order to meet breeding objectives, or to prevent certain metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, has been developed. The objective of this study consists in evaluating the influence of three probiotic strains Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis BB-12, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745, on the values of some biochemical, ionic, hematological and zootechnical parameters in healthy rabbits, as well as some biochemical and morphometric parameters in diseased rabbits resulting from the induction of diabetes type 2 and metabolic syndrome, upon 24 weeks of consumption of a diabetogenic diet rich in sucrose and lipids. The first experiment lasted 60 days and was carried out on 40 healthy rabbits from the ITELV2006 line, divided into four groups including the control (T), rabbits were fed diets supplemented in the BA group, with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis BB-12, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the LR group and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 for the SB group. The rabbits of the 3 groups received the probiotics for 30 days and then the administration of probiotics were stopped for the last 30 days of the experiment. In the second experiment, 48 rabbits from the same line including 24 from the first experiment and 24 new rabbits, were divided into 8 batches, healthy control (TS), sick control (TM), Group1 (BAM, LRM, SBM); batches treated with the three aforementioned probiotics, from 5 weeks of age and Group 2 (BAM+, LRM+, SBM+); batches treated with the three above-mentioned probiotics from 13 weeks of age. The results showed an beneficial modifications in most of the parameters studied, including a decrease in fasting blood sugar (P˂0.001), total cholesterol (P˂0.01), triglycerides (P˂0.05), sodium (P˂0.01) and increased plasma levels of protein parameters (P˂0.001), iron (P˂0.001), calcium and potassium (P˂0.05). In addition, a significant increase in some hematological parameters of the two lines (GR, Hb, GB, NEUT) (P˂0.001), was recorded mainly during the treatment discontinuation period (from day 31 to day 60). Similarly, body weight increased significantly for the three groups of healthy rabbits supplemented by probiotics. On the other hand, the results of the second experiment showed significant alterations (P˂0.001), in most of the parameters studied after 24 weeks of induction of diabetes and metabolic syndrome, in particular in TM. In addition, a decrease in fasting blood glucose, OGTT, HbA1c, CT, TG and LDL (P˂0.05) and an increase in HDL, PT and ALB (P˂0.05) were recorded especially in group 1 of rabbits treated from 5 weeks of age. Also, these batches showed a significant improvement in certain morphometric parameters, such as body weight, CA and BMI (P˂0.05).Finally, the effect of probiotics seems to be dependent on race, sex, time and age of administration. In-depth studies on the effect of other strains or/and a mixture of several strains used with different doses, in animals or in humans involving age and sex and different races and/or species, are to be considered. In addition, metagenomic analyzes will be necessary to know how and when to intervene to meet the objectives of either breeding or medicine.