Nutrition Humaine

Petit déjeuner et obésité chez l’adulte

2024-12-11T00:00:00Z

Petit déjeuner et obésité chez l’adulte Nebti, Oudjdane; Oulamara, Hayet Introduction. In recent years, many studies have demonstrated an association between skipping breakfast and weight status, but the results of different studies are inconsistent. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between breakfast and weight status in adults. Method. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 1000 adults (60.2% female) with an average age of 33.9 ± 10.1 years. Data were collected using a questionnaire focusing on health status, breakfast related eating habits (consumption, frequency, conviviality and environment), and physical activity. Daily food intake was assessed using a 24-hour recall repeated three times. Anthropometric measurements included weight and height. Breakfast intake was evaluated using two methods: one based on frequency (more than three times per week) and the other on the energy intake of breakfast (15% of daily energy intake). Results and discussion. Our population comprises 55% overweight, including obese subjects, 21.7% of whom are obese. Nearly three-quarters of the subjects regularly have breakfast, with 83.8% having it more than three times per week, and over half (51.6%) have an energy intake at breakfast exceeding 300 kcal (15% of the total energy intake). Normalweight consumers have a longer sleep duration. Breakfast is a meal consumed at home by the majority of the population in less than 10 minutes on average. More than half of the individuals have it alone, without any activity. It usually consists of dairy products, mainly pasteurized semi-skimmed milk and coffee, accompanied by a cereal product (bread or cake), cakes or pastries. Over three-quarters of the subjects add sugar to coffee and milk consumed. Over three-quarters of the subjects add sugar to coffee and milk consumed. Breakfast constitutes a significant source of carbohydrates, lipids (especially cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids), and calcium. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of overweight and obesity between breakfast consumers and skippers. Although no correlation was found between the energy intake at breakfast and BMI, normal-weight consumers consume more calories at breakfast. Our study shows that regular breakfast consumption is not associated with body weight.

Effet du jeûne du Ramadan sur des patients atteints de maladies non transmissibles (Diabète, maladies cardiovasculaires, cancer)-Etude réalisée sur Constantine (2021/2022).

2025-01-16T00:00:00Z

Effet du jeûne du Ramadan sur des patients atteints de maladies non transmissibles (Diabète, maladies cardiovasculaires, cancer)-Etude réalisée sur Constantine (2021/2022). Bentaleb, Maroua; Bencharif, Meriem; Sersar, Ibrahim This thesis examines the impact of Ramadan fasting on individuals with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), a topic of critical importance due to the abrupt disruption of chronobiological rhythms and the alteration of the activity/rest cycle during this period. The study was conducted in two parts. The first part involved a cross-sectional descriptive survey conducted in Constantine (eastern Algeria) among 63 patients with diabetes mellitus, of whom 41.3% were under 18 years old. Data were collected on general characteristics, behaviors and attitudes toward Ramadan fasting, dietary habits, blood glucose control, and complications or illnesses associated with COVID-19. The second part included 1,300 participants, comprising 650 healthy individuals and 650 individuals with NCDs (300 with cardiovascular diseases, 160 with cancer, and 190 with diabetes). The questionnaire covered various aspects, including fasting practices, physical activity level (assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ), sleep quality (measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), food consumption frequency, and anthropometric measurements. Data were analyzed using R software (version 3.2.4), with a significance level set at 0.05. The results of the first part of the study revealed that 77.8% of individuals with diabetes discussed their condition with those around them, and 58.7% had engaged in fasting prior to their diabetes diagnosis. Additionally, 73.3% monitored their blood glucose levels before breaking their fast. Following COVID-19 illness, hyperglycemia emerged as the most frequent complication, occurring in 9.5% of cases. The second part of the study demonstrated that fasting was practiced by 70.7% of individuals with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), 30.6% of cancer patients, and 53.2% of individuals with diabetes. Subjects with CVD exhibited a higher frequency of fasting outside Ramadan compared to other patient groups (10.4 ± 6.5 days; p=0.000). These individuals also displayed a greater tendency toward self-monitoring compared to healthy participants but showed a higher prevalence of smoking (39.67%) relative to other patients. Physical activity levels (PAL) were significantly higher in healthy subjects during Ramadan (1167.4 ± 119.1 min.week⁻¹) and outside Ramadan (1288.6 ± 58.6 min.week⁻¹; p<0.05) compared to subjects with NCDs. Among individuals with CVD, a strong, positive, and significant correlation was observed between sleep duration and the total hours spent in bed (r=0.709; p=0.000). Sleep quality, as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), was generally poor across all groups during Ramadan (PSQI > 5). Significant alterations in dietary habits were also noted during Ramadan. Cancer patients reduced their consumption of sugary products (p=0.042), whereas individuals with diabetes (p=0.009) and CVD (p=0.000) increased their intake of animal protein sources. Healthy participants exhibited a marked increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables (p=0.004) as well as sweet products (p=0.000). Notably, no significant differences in weight status were observed across any of the study groups regardless of the period. The present study underscores the necessity of a personalized approach to managing noncommunicable diseases during and outside Ramadan. The findings highlight the importance of enhanced medical surveillance and tailored therapeutic education that addresses specific requirements related to physical activity, sleep, and nutrition. Targeted intervention strategies should be developed to support patients in maintaining a healthy lifestyle while respecting their religious practices, thereby contributing to improved health management during this unique period.

Contribution a l'elaboration de courbes de croissance locales de la commune de Constantine.

2014-03-02T00:00:00Z

Contribution a l'elaboration de courbes de croissance locales de la commune de Constantine. Badis, Nadia; Mekhancha-Dahel, Corinne Colette The anthropometric reference curves for supervising children should derive from the population or subpopulation in which the child lives. So it would be interesting to compare the individuals of a population living under the same conditions by using local reference curves. There are few studies undertaken to achieve the local reference curves in developing countries, especially in our country, these studies are not available or accessible if they exist. Our goals are to present our methodology for the development of local reference curves for children and adolescents 6-18 years in the town of Constantine; to compare the methodology followed in our experience with that recommended by WHO (1995) and that used by other countries and to suggest adjustments to improve our methodology. The transversal study by visiting schools is combined with a socio economic description during the period 2008-2009. The target population consists of children and adolescents aged 6-18 years and enrolled residents in the town of Constantine. The study was conducted as recommended by WHO (1995). The total measured is 8 187 students (54.8% female) ranging in age between 5-21 years. The data excluded, following specific criteria, are about 407 students. The final number used for the treatment of data is 7 780 students. These anthropometric data will be used to construct the local growth curves of Constantine, the socioeconomic data will be used to characterize the population studied. The development of growth reference curves is difficult task which can be undertaken only by a group of organizations orchestrated by researchers and experts.

Dromadaire algérien

2022-07-13T00:00:00Z

Dromadaire algérien Smili, Hanane; Becila-Hioual, Samira This thesis aims to study the potentialities of the Algerian dromedary in terms of meat production through the study of the situation of camel meat sector in the region of Ouargla and the characterization of meat quality. Surveys were carried out with the different actors of the sector (breeders, within the slaughterhouse, butchers and consumers). In addition, the economic production evolution in the market of Ouargla region and the factors influencing it, namely the constraints of the sector and avenues for its development were discussed. However, Longissimus Lumborum muscles removed from male Sahraoui dromedaries were used to investigate the effect of slaughter age and post mortem time on the physicochemical, biochemical and sensory characteristics of meat quality. Moreover, potential biomarkers of meat quality have been proposed. Through the results of the survey the different actors of camel meat sector in the region of Ouargla were characterized from a socio-demographic and economic point of view. Data showed a high potential for transformation and innovation in camel meat products. However, controlling the variability of organoleptic properties is recommended to reduce the constraint linked to the limited consumption of dromedary meat. The results of the characterization of dromedary meat quality revealed significant effects of slaughter age and post mortem time on meat properties. It seems interesting to exploit post mortem changes in muscle proteins as a tool for predicting and monitoring the quality characteristics of Sahraoui dromedary meat. Actin and troponin T fragments, myofibrillar fragmentation index, creatine kinase, enolase, myoglobin contents and pH measured within six hours post-slaughter have been proposed as potential biomarkers of meat quality. Their use for carcasses classification would ensure better management through the presentation to consumers of constant and superior camel meat quality.