Doctorat (MEDECINE, CHIRURGIE ET REPRODUCTION)

Le traitement de l’eau de boisson et son impact sur la santé des volailles.

2022-05-23T09:10:04Z

Le traitement de l’eau de boisson et son impact sur la santé des volailles. Boumedous, Cherifa; Hamdi Pacha, Youcef The study was carried out on two flocks of broilers belonging to the same poultry barn in Hamma Bouziane, which drinking source is provided by untreated well water and treated tap water. Our aim was to demonstrate the importance and the need to treat drinking water by examining the bacteriological quality of water carried from the original source of water to the barn (in J0 and J42 days). Water at the barn was analysed for physical and chemical parameters in order to determine the initial water characteristics. The results indicate that antibacterial treatments can significantly reduce bacterial contamination in water pipes during the breeding. To get the optimal effectiveness of these treatments, it is necessary to respect products recommendations (quantities and adapt the treatment to the physical and chemical water parameters). Physical and-chemical water characteristics act directly on the bacteriological quality of water, optimal levels are: Ph <7 hardness <15°F, organic matter <2mg/l, iron<0.2 mg/l, nitrate < 50mg/l. Origin of water (wells / drillings, facilities) material and equipments (drinking troughs, absence of double circuit filter and absence of pressure reducers) are all factors which increase the risk of water contamination by germs.(Total and indicator flora).Treatments (adaptation with the physical and chemical water parameters, control of residual amounts) as well as cleaning and disinfecting (choice of product, respect of the dosage action time) are needed to guarantee the bacteriological quality of water.

Etudes comparatives des souches d'escherichia coli aviares et humaines

2022-05-23T09:10:02Z

Etudes comparatives des souches d'escherichia coli aviares et humaines Lezzar, Nawel; Satta, Dalila; Bensari, Charaf Escherichia coli infections or colibacillosis continue to be always a major cause of economic losses for poultry farms. Apart from the pathogens of Escherichia coli that are responsible for it, it is important to do shed light on the strains Escherichia coli saprophytes antibiotic-resistant wich are responsible for therapeutic failures and wich are representing the main source of the spread of this antibiotic resistance, through resistant genes, thus ensuring their transmission to other saprophytic agents and pathogenic in humans as well as in poultry (in particular) and animals (in general). In this study, we show the emergence of a multiresistance through the resistance profile of two collections of E. coli poultry Experimental (ELEX1 and ELEX2) to the 6 Quinolones tested (Flumequine (UB), Pefloxacin (PEF), Norfloxacin (NOR), Enrofloxacin (EN), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), and experimental avian influenza vaccines (ELEX1 and ELEX2), as well as a multiresistance through the resistance profile of two collections of E. coli Poultry and Humain to the 40 antibiotics tested (Ampicillin (AMX), Piperacillin (PRL), Ticarcillin (TC), Amoxicillin / Clavulanic Acid (AMC), Cefalexin (CN30), Cefazoline (CZ), Cefalotine (CF) Cefepaxime (CTX), Cefotaxime (CRT), Cefitaxone (FOX), Ceftazidime (CAZ), Cefixime (CFM), Aztreonam ), Gentamycin (CN10), Tobramycin (TOB), Amikacin (AK), Kanamycin (K), Netilmicin (NET), Streptomycin (S), Tetracycline (TE), Doxyciline (DXT), Nalidixic Acid NA), Flumequine (UB), Pefloxacin (PEF), Norfloxacin (NOR), Ofloxacin (OFX), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Sulfonamides (SSS), Trimethoprim (TMP), Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole Chloramphenicol (C), Fosfomycin (FF), Nitofurantoines (F)). Out of a total of 2635 samples, of which 264 were taken from the two experimental poultry farms (108 for ELEX1 and 156 for ELEX2), 600 collected from the 12 broiler farms (from the 06 communes of the wilaya of Constantine) and 1771 collected from patients of CHU of Constantine (hospital and ambulatory), we obtained 291 of antibiotic-resistant E. Coli strains, including 46 antibiotic-resistant E. Coli strains to the 06 quinolones (for the two collections of E. coli Experimental), 120/209 of E. coli strains (for E. coli aviary strains) and 125 of E. coli strains (for E. coli Human strains) to the 40 antibiotics tested. From the different resistance profiles obtained, the emergence of several resistance profiles follow a selection pressure for antibiotics by misuse of the latter in veterinary medicine and in human medicine (upstream) but also to the dissemination of resistance genes by failure to respect hygienic measures (downstream) and which remain the business of all.Therefore antibiotic resistance monitoring is required at all levels and at all times by the systematic application of ""broad-spectrum antibiogram » on commensal and pathogenic bacterial populations.

Coccidiose du poulet

2022-10-02T08:55:37Z

Coccidiose du poulet Djemai, Samir; Mekroud, Abdeslam Broiler coccidiosis is caused by coccidia parasites of the genus Eimeria spp, developing and multiplying in the gut of the chicken and causing either an acute deadly clinical form manifested by bloody diarrhea, it is caecal coccidiosis caused by Eimeria tenella ; or subclinical forms manifested by poor growth performance (weight index and consumption), they are caused by several species, the most frequent Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima. This work has been done on two studies: 1- The first, consists in carrying out a battery test on broiler chickens (Cobb 500), in order to evaluate the resistance (or sensitivity) of a pool of field isolates (Jijel-Algeria) containing the two species Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima, against five anticoccidial drugs (Diclazuril, lasalocid, monensin, narasin, salinomycin). The anticoccidial sensitivity profile, based on the reduction of lesion scores compared to non-infected non-medicated control and the anticoccidial index (ACI), reveals complete resistance to monensin, narasin; partial resistance to salinomycin and lasalocid, complete sensitivity to diclazuril. 2- The second study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two anticoccidial vaccines, derived from local strains, against caecal coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria tenella, in broiler chickens. The first is inactivated (by microwave radiation) while the second is a live attenuated vaccine (attenuation by Ultraviolet-C). The safety and efficacy of the two vaccines were tested separately on two separate experiments on boiler chicks (Cobb 500) raised on floor. Two groups of chicks were vaccinated using the prepared vaccine and challenged at day 20 of age. The first group was vaccinated only once,at day 1 post hatching, the second group was vaccinated twice (day 1 and day 8 post hatching). The study used two non-vaccinated control groups; the first group was challenged with Eimeria tenella (50 000 sporulated oocysts/bird), while the second remained uninfected. The evaluation criteria were body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), blood in faeces, survival rate, lesion scores and oocyst output per gram of faeces (OPG). In both experiments, the two vaccinated groups had an overall better performance comparing to the non-vaccinated challenge group. In conclusion, it seems that the two anticoccidial vaccines are effective in stimulating protective immunity in vaccinated chickens against caecal coccidiosis. Although vaccination with two divided doses seems more effective than immunization with a single dose.

Effets de l’utilisation des cereales et des proteagineux autres que le maïs et le soja dans l’alimentation du poulet de chair

2022-05-23T09:09:58Z

Effets de l’utilisation des cereales et des proteagineux autres que le maïs et le soja dans l’alimentation du poulet de chair Beghoul Saber; Bensegueni Abderrahmene The study aims to test the effect of the incorporation of certain cereals and protein in the diet on production performance of broilers. The growth test allowed the comparison of five almost iso -nutritional diets : a control diet soy, and four food with fava beans , peas for protein and barley, triticale cereals . Growth performance obtained with foods based peas are significantly degraded in terms of weight gain. This seems to be explained by the presence of anti- nutrients that are found in the raw material . sub consumption is recorded on the overall period. The presence of tannin in the variety could be a hypothesis to explain this under-consumption . This study confirms that faba bean can partially replace soybean meal up to 15% without affecting animal performance. Triticale and barley could be substituted by excellence corn up to 32 %. 164 f.